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Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)
Sodium carbonate is commonly known as soda, soda ash, soda ash, disodium carbonate, and soda ash. It is usually a white powder, a strong electrolyte, with a melting point of 851°C, easily soluble in water and glycerin, and is an inorganic salt.
Food Grade Sodium Carbonate CHANGHONG
Sodium carbonate can be produced by the combined alkali process, the ammonia-soda process, the Leblanc process, etc. It can also be processed and refined from natural alkali. As an important inorganic chemical raw material, it is mainly used in the production of flat glass, glass products and ceramic glaze. It is also widely used in daily washing, acid neutralization and food processing. In terms of the environment, sodium carbonate is generally regarded as a relatively harmless substance to the ecosystem. However, large-scale discharges may still affect the pH value and total alkalinity of water bodies, so proper management and supervision are required during its use and disposal.
Science and Prudence
Development History
Sodium Carbonate in China
The research and application of sodium carbonate has a long history. Before the artificial synthesis of soda ash, the ancient Egyptians had used natural sodium carbonate in the manufacture of glass. In addition, it was discovered in ancient times that after some seaweeds were dried, the ashes burned contained alkalis. After leaching with hot water and filtering, brown alkali solution was obtained for washing. A large amount of natural soda comes from minerals, mainly buried underground or in alkaline lakes. Natural soda ore existing in sedimentary layers has the highest grade and is widely distributed. The earliest invention of the method of artificial synthesis of soda ash was at the end of the 18th century. Leblanc in France used Glauber’s salt, limestone and coal to reduce and carbonate at high temperature to obtain a crude product mainly containing Na2CO3 – black ash. After leaching, evaporation, refining, recrystallization and drying, heavy soda ash with a purity of about 97% was obtained. In 1791, Leblanc obtained the patent. In the same year, the Duke of Orleans of France raised funds to establish the first Leblanc process alkali factory in Saint-Denis near Paris. In 1823, Britain abolished the salt tax, introduced the Leblanc process, built a soda ash factory in Liverpool, and put it into production. The period from 1825 to 1880 was the heyday of the Leblanc process for alkali production. This alkali production method led to the production of a series of chemical products such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid bleaching powder, saltpeter and sulfur. It also played a huge role in promoting the emergence of gas scrubbers, rotary furnaces, mechanical ovens, open-type tran pots and Shank-type leaching devices. The Leblanc process is an important milestone in the rise of the soda ash industry. However, the soda ash products produced by this method have low purity, high production costs and low labor efficiency, and are difficult to operate continuously. In addition, the recovered hydrochloric acid is highly corrosive and must be exported or processed separately, which makes the need to explore new alkali production methods always exist. In 1861, Ernest Solvay of Belgium invented soda ash alone and obtained a patent. Due to the protection of technical secrets, it has not been widely used until the 1920s in the United States. In particular, Hou Debang, a famous Chinese chemical expert, published the book “Soda Ash Manufacturing” in 1932, announcing the Solvay process, which had been kept secret for 70 years. Hou Debang also created the Hou’s alkali production method from 1939 to 1942 and established a pilot plant in Sichuan. In 1952, a joint alkali production plant was established in Dalian Chemical Plant.
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Sodium carbonate is used in the food industry as a neutralizer and leavening agent, such as in the manufacture of amino acids, soy sauce, and flour-based foods such as steamed bread and bread. It can also be made into alkaline water and added to flour-based foods to increase elasticity and ductility. Sodium carbonate can also be used to produce monosodium glutamate.
Product Details
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Characteristics | White odorless powder or granules at room temperature |
|---|---|
Density | 2.532 g/cm³ |
Melting point | 851℃ |
Solubility | It is easily soluble in water and glycerol. At 20°C, 20 grams of sodium carbonate can be dissolved in every 100 grams of water. The solubility is the highest at 35.4°C, and 49.7 grams of sodium carbonate can be dissolved in 100 grams of water. It is slightly soluble in anhydrous ethanol and insoluble in propanol. |
pH of aqueous solution | 1% aqueous solution is 11.5 |
Aqueous solution | It can conduct electricity in aqueous solution or molten state, and the aqueous solution has astringent taste and greasy feeling. |
Water absorption | It is hygroscopic and gradually absorbs 1mol/L of water (about = 15%) when exposed to air. |
Hydrate | Na2CO3·H2O，Na2CO3·7H2O and Na2CO3·10H2O |
The aqueous solution of sodium carbonate is alkaline and has a certain degree of corrosiveness. It can undergo double decomposition reaction with acid, and can also undergo double decomposition reaction with some calcium salts and barium salts. The solution is alkaline and can turn phenolphthalein red.
It is relatively stable, but it can also decompose at high temperature to produce sodium oxide and carbon dioxide;
Long-term exposure to air can absorb moisture and carbon dioxide in the air to produce sodium bicarbonate and form hard lumps;
Sodium carbonate’s crystalline hydrate sodium carbonate (Na2CO3·10H2O) is easily weathered in dry air;
Sodium carbonate is one of the important chemical raw materials, widely used in light industry, daily chemicals, building materials, chemical industry, food industry, metallurgy, textiles, petroleum, national defense, medicine and other fields. It is used as raw materials, cleaning agents, detergents for manufacturing other chemicals, and is also used in photography and analysis. The second is metallurgy, textiles, petroleum, national defense, medicine and other industries. The glass industry is the largest consumer of soda ash, consuming 0.2 tons of soda ash per ton of glass. Among the industrial soda ash, the main ones are light industry, building materials, and chemical industries, accounting for about 2/3, followed by metallurgy, textiles, petroleum, national defense, medicine and other industries.
1. The glass industry is the largest consumer of soda ash, consuming 0.2t of soda ash per ton of glass. It is mainly used for float glass, cathode ray tube glass shell, optical glass, etc.
2. Used in chemical industry, metallurgy, etc. The use of heavy soda ash can reduce the flying of alkali dust, reduce raw material consumption, improve working conditions, and improve product quality. At the same time, it can reduce the erosion of alkali powder on refractory materials and extend the service life of kilns.
3. As a buffer, neutralizer and dough improver, it can be used in pastries and flour-based foods, and should be used in appropriate amounts according to production needs.
4. As a detergent for wool rinsing, bath salts and medicine, and an alkali agent in tanning.
5. Used in the food industry as a neutralizer and leavening agent, such as in the manufacture of amino acids, soy sauce and flour-based foods such as steamed buns and bread. It can also be made into alkaline water and added to flour to increase elasticity and ductility. Sodium carbonate can also be used to produce monosodium glutamate
6. Special reagent for color TVs
7. Used in the pharmaceutical industry as an antacid and osmotic laxative.
8. Used in chemical and electrochemical degreasing, chemical copper plating, aluminum etching, electrolytic polishing of aluminum and alloys, chemical oxidation of aluminum, sealing after phosphating, rust prevention between processes, electrolytic stripping of chromium plating and stripping of chromium oxide film, etc. It is also used in pre-copper plating, steel plating, and iron and steel alloy plating electrolyte.
9. Used as smelting flux, flotation agent for mineral processing in the metallurgical industry, and desulfurizer for steelmaking and antimony smelting.
10. Used as a water softener in the printing and dyeing industry.
11. Used in the leather industry for degreasing raw hides, neutralizing chrome tanned leather, and increasing the alkalinity of chrome tanning liquid.
12. The benchmark for calibrating acid solution in quantitative analysis. Determination of aluminum, sulfur, copper, lead and zinc. Test urine and whole blood glucose. Analyze the solvent of silicon dioxide in cement. Metallographic analysis, etc.
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